Effect of perceived stigma on work and social roles among individuals with mental health disorders in Saudi Arabia: findings from a national survey

Table 1 Sample characteristics N = 272

	Embarrassment		Discrimination		Stigma
	N = 153		N = 95		N = 76
	N	Weighted %	N	Weighted %	N	Weighted %
Age
15–24	42	33.62	32	40.93	23	39.15
25–34	42	21.39	27	27.90	23	24.68
35–49	50	31.99	30	24.68	25	29.22
50–65	19	13.00	6	6.49	5	6.95
Gender
Male	34	20.58	28	36.44	22	25.46
Female	119	79.42	67	63.56	54	74.54
Education
Low	25	18.18	14	12.81	12	14.64
Low average	23	17.90	9	11.01	9	15.54
High average	76	39.93	57	59.65	42	49.01
High	29	23.99	15	16.53	13	20.81
Urban/Rural
Rural	14	7.57	6	3.77	6	5.32
Urban	139	92.43	89	96.23	70	94.68
Region
Central	60	34.05	33	25.82	23	23.63
Eastern	21	18.64	12	18.97	11	16.69
Northern	16	6.48	10	7.94	9	11.09
Southern	11	9.25	7	11.58	4	5.96
Western	45	31.58	33	35.68	29	42.64
Income
Low	68	41.02	46	41.28	38	43.66
Low average	19	11.89	14	16.85	10	17.34
High average	27	18.88	11	10.32	10	14.44
High	39	28.21	24	31.56	18	24.56
Mental disorder
Only mental disorder	143	89.07	90	91.31	73	93.28
Mental disorder and CC	10	10.93	5	8.69	3	6.72
Awareness of mental disorder
Aware of mental disorder	16	9.85	11	17.22	9	16.30
Not aware	83	90.15	48	82.78	36	83.70
Missing frequency	54		36		31
Reasons for not getting treatment (concerned about other people)
Concerned	9	48.45	7	43.04	5	46.50
Not concerned	14	51.55	9	56.96	7	53.50
Missing frequency	130		79		64
Treatment
No treatment	114	81.41	66	74.26	52	73.27
Any treatment	39	18.59	29	25.74	24	26.73
Employment status
Employed	54	36.63	32	32.74	28	42.03
Currently unemployed	62	41.91	39	28.89	31	31.89
Student	36	21.45	24	38.37	17	26.08
Missing frequency	1
Ethnicity
Arab	153	100	95	100	76	100
Non-Arab	0		0		0
Marital status
Married	94	49.94	51	39.04	45	49.95
Currently unmarried	15	15.18	10	10.37	6	6.27
Never married	44	34.88	34	50.60	25	43.79

Part II weights were used
We had data from 272 respondents who met our inclusion criteria. Out of these 272 respondents, 153 (56%) reported an embarrassment experience and 95 (34.8%) reported a discrimination experience. When both dimensions were reported, the perceived stigma was observed in 76 (27.8%) individuals with mental illness
Stigma = People who reported both Embarassment(FD17) and Discrimination(FD18)
Mental disorder: yes, contains only the people diagnosed with 12-month disorders (people diagnosed with a disorder and no CC conditions)
Mental disorder: comorbid physical conditions, contains people diagnosed with both a 12-month disorder and a chronic condition
Awareness of mental disorder was measured using SR16 (those that seeked professional help) and SR112 (those that did not want to seek professional help)
Reasons for not getting treatment was measured using SR116h and SR126g
Employment status: employed includes self-employed & others
Employment status: currently unemployed includes looking for work, temporarily laid off, retired, homemaker, disabled & don't know
Marital status: currently unmarried includes separated, divorced & widowed

ISSN: 1744-859X