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Table 2 Multilevel logistic regression model: variables associated with involuntary admission (patients sample: n = 6018)

From: Factors associated with involuntary admissions: a register-based cross-sectional multicenter study

Characteristics

Involuntary admission n = 608

Voluntary admission n = 5410

Overall n = 6018

COR (95% CI)a

p-value

AOR (95% CI)b

n = 5382

p-value

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

Age (years)

 Mean ± SD

43.4 ± 15.2

46.9 ± 15.7

46.5 ± 15.7

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

 < 0.001

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.003

Gender

 Female

245 (40.7)

2757 (51.1)

3002 (50.1)

1

 

1

 

 Male

357 (59.3)

2638 (48.9)

2995 (49.9)

1.56 (1.31–1.86)

 < 0.001

1.19 (0.97–1.45)

0.089

Nationality

 Italian

533 (88.2)

4689 (91.9)

5222 (91.6)

1

 

1

 

 EU citizens

24 (4.0)

165 (3.2)

189 (3.3)

1.22 (0.78–1.90)

0.392

0.82 (0.50–1.37)

0.458

 Non-EU citizens

47 (7.8)

246 (4.8)

293 (5.1)

1.68 (1.20–2.36)

0.002

1.16 (0.78–1.72)

0.476

Physical restraint

 No

446 (73.4)

5159 (95.4)

5605 (93.1)

1

 

1

 

 Yes

162 (26.6)

251 (4.6)

413 (6.9)

14.14 (10.81–18.51)

 < 0.001

12.57 (9.35–16.91)

 < 0.001

Main diagnosis at discharge

 Mood disorders

133 (21.9)

1859 (34.5)

1992 (33.2)

1

 

1

 

 Schizophrenia

316 (52.0)

1609 (29.9)

1925 (32.1)

2.94 (2.36–3.66)

 < 0.001

2.65 (2.07–3.38)

 < 0.001

 Personality disorders

65 (10.7)

929 (17.2)

994 (16.6)

1.02 (0.74–1.39)

0.925

0.92 (0.64–1.31)

0.637

 Substance use disorders

30 (4.9)

165 (3.1)

195 (3.2)

2.88 (1.83–4.52)

 < 0.001

2.51 (1.53–4.13)

 < 0.001

 Othersc

64 (10.5)

827 (15.3)

891 (14.9)

1.07 (0.77–1.48)

0.701

0.92 (0.65–1.31)

0.644

Length of hospitalization (days)

 Mean ± SD

15.1 ± 11.6

11.8 ± 11.1

12.2 ± 11.2

1.02 (1.02–1.03)

 < 0.001

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

 < 0.001

  1. aCOR Crude Odds Ratios
  2. bAOR Adjusted Odds Ratios
  3. cDementias; pervasive developmental disorders; anxiety, dissociative and somatoform disorders; adjustment reactions; acute reactions of stress