From: Intergenerational transmission of war-related trauma assessed 40 years after exposure
War veterans | Offspring | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 46) | PTSD (n = 27) | Non-PTSD (n = 19) | p | Total (n = 73) | PTSDc (n = 43) | Non-PTSDc (n = 30) | p | |
Age, years (mean, SD) | 65.2, 3.3 | 64.9, 3.6 | 65.7, 2.9 | 0.449 | 35.7, 4.8 | 35.6, 4.9 | 35.8, 4.8 | 0.835 |
CAPS score, lifetime (mean, SD) | 56.0, 42.8 | 88.0, 18.2 | 10.5, 19.3 | < 0.001 | 9.7, 22.9 | 7.6, 19.9 | 12.7, 26.7 | 0.353 |
Gender | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Female | – | – | – | 44 (60.3) | 24 (55.8) | 20 (66.7) | 0.467 | |
Male | – | – | – | 29 (39.7) | 19 (44.2) | 10 (33.3) | ||
Marital status | ||||||||
Married/co-habitinga | 43 (93.5) | 26 (96.3) | 17 (89.5) | 0.561 | 48 (65.8) | 26 (60.5) | 22 (73.3) | 0.463 |
Divorced or widowedb | 3 (6.5) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (10.5) | 5 (6.8) | 4 (9.3) | 1 (3.3) | ||
Single | – | – | – | 20 (27.4) | 13 (30.2) | 7 (23.3) | ||
Graffar | ||||||||
1 | – | – | – | 7 (9.6) | 3 (7.0) | 4 (13.3) | 0.206 | |
2 | 5 (10.9) | 2 (7.4) | 3 (15.8) | 0.613 | 28 (38.4) | 15 (34.9) | 13 (46.4) | |
3 | 29 (63.0) | 17 (63.0) | 12 (63.2) | 33 (45.2) | 20 (46.5) | 13 (43.3) | ||
4 | 12 (26.1) | 8 (29.6) | 4 (21.1) | 5 (6.8) | 5 (11.6) | 0 (0) | ||
Disability | ||||||||
No | 30 (65.2) | 21 (77.8) | 9 (47.4) | 0.058 | – | – | – | |
Yes | 16 (34.8) | 6 (22.2) | 10 (52.6) | – | – | – | ||
Territory (former colony) | ||||||||
Angola | 14 (30.4) | 8 (29.6) | 6 (31.6) | 0.699 | – | – | – | |
Mozambique | 14 (30.4) | 7 (25.9) | 7 (36.8) | – | – | – | ||
Guinea | 18 (39.1) | 12 (44.4) | 6 (31.6) | – | – | – |