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Table 1 Description of the sociodemographic characteristics and study measures at both baseline (T0) and at the 2-year follow-up (T1), and characteristics of non-participants at T0 and T1

From: Positive psychological well-being predicts lower severe pain in the general population: a 2-year follow-up study of the SwePain cohort

Characteristic; n (%), unless otherwise stated

Number of answers on specific items

Participants at T0 (N = 15,563)

Number of answers on specific items

Participants at both T0 and T1 (T0 responses; N = 11,386)

Number of answers on specific items

Participants at both T0 and T1 (T1 responses; N = 11,386)

Non-Participants at T0 (N = 18,437)

Non-Participants at T1 (N = 4177)

Age, years; mean (SD)

15,563

51.6 (18.5)

11,386

53.8 (17.5)

11,384

55.8 (17.5)

45.6 (19.5)

Sex

15,563

 

11,386

 

11,386

   

 Men

 

7151 (46.0)

 

5125 (45.0)

 

5125 (45.0)

9837 (54.0)

2026 (48.5)

 Women

 

8412 (54.0)

 

6261 (55.0)

 

6261 (55.0)

8382 (46.0)

2151 (51.5)

Civil status

15,555

 

11,381

 

11,386

   

 Single

 

5134 (33.0)

 

3283 (28.8)

 

3179 (27.9)

9440 (51.8)

1851 (44.3)

 Married

 

7825 (50.3)

 

6104 (53.7)

 

6105 (53.6)

6347 (34.8)

1721 (41.2)

 Divorced

 

1762 (11.3)

 

1351 (11.9)

 

1387 (12.2)

1802 (9.9)

411 (9.8)

 Widowed

 

834 (5.4)

 

643 (5.6)

 

715 (6.3)

630 (3.5)

191 (4.6)

Educational level

15,256

 

11,205

 

11,162

   

 Elementary school

 

3442 (22.6)

 

2571 (22.9)

 

2491 (22.3)

871 (21.5)

 Secondary school or vocational training

 

6225 (40.8)

 

4327 (38.6)

 

4257 (38.2)

1898 (46.9)

 College or university

 

5589 (36.6)

 

4307 (38.5)

 

4414 (39.5)

1282 (31.6)

Employment status

15,115

 

11,102

 

11,002

   

 Employment

 

8708 (57.6)

 

6366 (57.3)

 

6213 (56.5)

2342 (58.4)

 Unemployment

 

6407 (42.4)

 

4736 (42.7)

 

4789 (43.5)

1671 (51.6)

Country of birth

15,563

 

11,386

 

11,386

   

 Sweden

 

14,093 (90.6)

 

10,496 (92.2)

 

10,496 (92.2)

14,475 (79.5)

3597 (86.1)

 Abroad

 

1470 (9.4)

 

890 (7.8)

 

890 (7.8)

3744 (20.5)

580 (13.9)

Household income, euros per year; mean (SD)

15,510

55,270 (35,157)

11,360

56,524 (34,755)

11,386

58,419 (35,919)

51,834 (36,014)

Co-morbidity

15,305

 

11,226

 

10,030

   

 Multimorbidity

 

4868 (31.8)

 

3640 (32.4)

 

3189 (31.8)

2851 (69.9)

 Single morbidity

 

10,437 (68.2)

 

7586 (67.6)

 

6841 (68.2)

1228 (30.1)

Sleep problems

15,162

 

11,126

 

11,034

   

 Yes

 

5215 (34.4)

 

3843 (34.5)

 

3708 (33.6)

1372 (34.0)

 No

 

9947 (65.6)

 

7283 (65.5)

 

7326 (66.4)

2664 (66.0)

Chronic pain grades (CPGs)

13,975

 

10,410

 

9361

   

 CPG-0

 

8234 (58.9)

 

6162 (59.0)

 

5409 (57.8)

2172 (58.4)

 CPG-I

 

2414 (17.3)

 

1887 (18.0)

 

1755 (18.7)

584 (15.7)

 CPG-II

 

1989 (14.2)

 

1463 (14.4)

 

1380 (14.7)

526 (14.1)

 CPG-III

 

560 (4.0)

 

371 (3.6)

 

337 (3.6)

189 (5.1)

 CPG-IV

 

778 (5.6)

 

527 (5.0)

 

480 (5.1)

251 (6.7)

Psychological well-being

14,492

 

10,676

 

10,562

   

 Severe distress

 

2769 (19.1)

 

1846 (17.3)

 

1904 (18.0)

923 (24.2)

 Moderate distress

 

2556 (17.6)

 

1844 (17.3)

 

1906 (18.1)

712 (18.7)

 Positive well-being

 

9167 (63.3)

 

6986 (65.4)

 

6752 (63.9)

2181 (57.1)

Life satisfaction

15,115

 

11,123

 

11,051

   

 Not satisfied

 

4212 (27.9)

 

2842 (25.5)

 

3005 (27.2)

1372 (34.0)

 Satisfied

 

10,903 (72.1)

 

8281 (25.5)

 

8046 (72.8)

2664 (66.0)

  1. SD standard deviation, CPGs chronic pain grades