From: Psychometric properties of the French-language version of the Coercion Experience Scale (CES)
Standardised loadings | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A—Humiliation/coercion factor | |||||
#3. Adverse effects on your human dignity | 0.766* | ||||
#5. Restrictions of your ability to move | 0.840* | ||||
#6. Experience of coercion | 0.849* | ||||
#7. Restrictions of your freedom to decide things | 0.868* | ||||
#9. Restrictions of my ability to move | 0.887* | ||||
#10. Applied coercion | 0.900* | ||||
#11. Restrictions of my freedom to decide things | 0.876* | ||||
#14. I felt my dignity taken away. | 0.713* | ||||
#17. I had to obey the orders of others | 0.710* | ||||
#20. Others made decisions on me | 0.848* | ||||
#22. I did not know what to expect | 0.663* | ||||
#24. I could not understand why I was being treated that way | 0.815* | ||||
#25. I could not move freely | 0.807* | ||||
#29. I felt dealt like an animal | 0.839* | ||||
#30. I feared the measure would last forever | 0.834* | ||||
#31. My wishes were not taken into account | 0.728* | ||||
B—Physical adverse effects factor | |||||
#21. Passing urine or defecating was shameful | 0.953* | ||||
#23. Passing urine or defecating was uncomfortable | 0.777* | ||||
#26. Having to attend to washing whilst being observed by aid of staff | 0.990* | ||||
C—Interpersonal separation factor | |||||
#4. Restrictions of your ability to have contact with staff | 0.895* | ||||
#8. Restriction of contact with staff | 0.895* | ||||
D—Negative environmental influences factor | |||||
#12. I feared not getting enough air | 0.704* | ||||
#16. The decor or lighting of the room were unpleasant | 0.593* | ||||
#18. The room was too cold or too warm | 0.633* | ||||
#28. Poor condition of air in the room | 0.792* | ||||
E—Fear factor | |||||
#19. I was afraid I would be killed | 0.854* | ||||
#27. I was afraid I would die | 0.854* | ||||
Excluded items | |||||
#13. I suffered pain | – | ||||
#15. I was not able to sleep well | – |
Factor correlation | A | B | C | D | E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A—Humiliation/coercion factor | 1.000 | ||||
B—Physical adverse effects factor | 0.545* | 1.000 | |||
C—Interpersonal separation factor | 0.718* | 0.478* | 1.000 | ||
D—Negative environmental influences factor | 0.588* | 0.603* | 0.563* | 1.000 | |
E—Fear factor | 0.353* | 0.599* | 0.234* | 0.571* | 1.000 |
Descriptive statistics of the first two scales and final five subscales | Mean | SD | Min | Max | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Visual analogue scale to evaluate the extent to which patients remember coercive measures (item 1) | 72.23 | 34.69 | 0 | 100 | |
Visual analogue scale to evaluate the extent to which patients considered coercive measures stressful (item 2) | 40.72 | 37.403 | 0 | 100 | |
A—Humiliation/coercion factor | 22.34 | 18.07 | 0 | 64 | |
B—Physical adverse effects factor | 1.85 | 2.85 | 0 | 12 | |
C—Interpersonal separation factor | 1.71 | 2.23 | 0 | 8 | |
D—Negative environmental influences factor | 3.36 | 3.62 | 0 | 16 | |
E—Fear factor | 1.17 | 2.09 | 0 | 8 |