Factor | Preterm | Full Term | RR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted RR | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 27 | N = 228 | |||||
Demographic factors | ||||||
 A. Age (years) | ||||||
  < 19 | 1(3.7) | 17(7.5) | 0.57(0.08–4.22) |  | 2.34(0.32–17.05) | 0.403 |
  20–24 | 10(37.0) | 93(40.8) | 1.00(Ref) | 0.864 | 1.00(Ref) |  |
  25–29 | 9(33.3) | 74(32.5) | 1.12(0.48–2.62) |  | 2.36(0.3–18.48) | 0.412 |
  30–34 | 6(22.2) | 35(15.4) | 1.51(0.58–3.89) |  | 4.31(0.53–35.14) | 0.172 |
  35–40 | 1(3.7) | 9(3.9) | 1.03(0.15–7.27) |  | 2.53(0.16–39.98) | 0.511 |
 B. Highest education | ||||||
  Tertiary (university/college) | 3(11.1) | 48(21.1) | 0.52(0.16–1.72) |  | 0.40(0.1–1.67) | 0.212 |
  Secondary/high school | 16(59.3) | 126(55.3 | 1.09(0.47–2.51) | 0.593 | 0.90(0.34–2.4) | 0.839 |
  Primary school | 7(25.9) | 50(21.9) | 1.00(Ref) |  | 1.00(Ref) |  |
  No formal education | 1(3.7) | 4(1.8) | 1.77(0.29–10.92) |  | 1.43(0.36–5.62) | 0.612 |
 C. Monthly income (USD) | ||||||
  < 50 | 6(22.2) | 20(8.8) | 2.50(1.04–6.00) |  | 0.52(0.22–1,24) | 0.142 |
  50–99 | 5(18.5) | 55(24.1) | 0.90(0.34–2.43) |  | 0.35(0.11–1.08) | 0.068 |
  100–349 | 13(48.1) | 128(56.1 | 1.00(Ref) | 0.259 | 1.00(Ref) |  |
  > 350 | 3(11.1) | 25(10.9) | 1.16(0.35–3.81) |  | 0.64(0.14–2.96) | 0.572 |
 D. Psychosocial factors | ||||||
  1. Stressful life event | ||||||
    No | 14(51.9) | 135(59.2 | 1.00(Ref) | 0.463 |  |  |
    Yes | 13(48.1) | 93(40.8) | 1.31(0.64–2.67) |  | 1.18(0.54–2.59) | 0.673 |
  2. Perceived presence of social support | ||||||
    Yes | 27(100.0) | 214(93.9 | NA | 0.185 |  |  |
    No | 0(0.0) | 14(6.1) | NA |  | NA | NA |
  3. Experience of IPV | ||||||
    No | 26(96.3) | 216(94.7 | 1.00(Ref) | 0.728 |  |  |
    Yes | 1(3.7) | 12(5.3) | 0.72(0.10–4.89) |  | 0.44(0.07–2.91) | 0.392 |
  4. Alcohol use in pregnancy | ||||||
    No | 25(92.6) | 221(96.9 | 1.00(Ref) | 0.248 |  |  |
    Yes | 2(7.4) | 7(3.1) | 2.19(0.61–7.86) |  | 1.95(0.63–6.02) | 0.247 |
  5. Cigarette smoking in pregnancy | ||||||
    No | 26(96.3) | 224(98.2 | 1.00(Ref) | 0.49 |  |  |
    Yes | 1(3.7) | 4(1.8) | 1.92(0.32–11.56) |  | 1.25(0.23–6.7) | 0.795 |
 E. Medical factors | ||||||
  1. Previous preterm | ||||||
    No | 24(88.9) | 201(88.2 | 1.00(Ref) | 0.911 |  |  |
    Yes | 3(11.1) | 27(11.8) | 0.94(0.30–2.93) |  | 0.87(0.26–2.95) | 0.829 |
  2. Hemoglobin level (mmol/l) | ||||||
   > 10 | 25(92.6) | 210(92.1 | 1.00(Ref) | 0.929 |  |  |
   < 10 | 2(7.4) | 18(7.9) | 0.94(0.24–3.69) |  | 0.80(0.15–4.29) | 0.795 |
  3. Systolic blood pressure | ||||||
    Below 140 mmHg | 22(81.5) | 208(91.2 | 1.00(Ref) | 0.107 |  |  |
    Above/equal to 140 mmHg | 5(18.5) | 20(8.8) | 2.09(0.87–5.04) |  | 2.20(0.93–5.19) | 0.072 |
 F. Depressive symptoms | ||||||
  No depressive symptoms | 8(29.6) | 149(65.4 | 1.00(Ref) | < 0.001 |  |  |
  Present depressive symptoms | 19(70.4) | 79(34.6) | 3.80(1.73–8.37) |  | 3.56(1.7–7.48) | 0.001 |