Fig. 1

The results of subgroup analysis for the association between parental depression and log-transformed IAS according to different factors. *Statistically significant results (p < 0.05). ^§Analyses were adjusted for the following covariates: economic status, father’s education level, household income, gender, school type, academic performance, academic achievement stress score, depression and anxiety score, attention problems score, social problem score, delinquency score, and aggression score