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Table 1 Demographic characteristics and drug addiction history of 85 heroin-dependent patients, comprising 25 with chronic psychosis (PSY-HUD) and 60 without Axis I psychiatric comorbidity (HUD)

From: The long-term outcome of patients with heroin use disorder/dual disorder (chronic psychosis) after admission to enhanced methadone maintenance

 

HUD patients N = 60

PSY-HUD patients N = 25

t/chi

P

Age (M ± s)

30.08 ± 5.9

30.64 ± 7.4

− 0.36

0.715

Gender: male [N (%)]

46 (76.2)

15 (60.0)

2.41

0.185

Marital status: single [N (%)]

47 (79.7)

16 (64.0)

2.29

0.169

Education: < 8 years [N (%)]

12 (21.1)

11 (44.0)

4.53

0.033

Work [N (%)]

 White collar

12 (20.7)

8 (32.0)

  

 Blue collar

18 (31.0)

10 (40.0)

  

 Unemployed

28 (48.3)

7 (28.0)

3.04

0.218

CGI severity of illnessa (M ± s)

5.54 ± 0.6

5.52 ± 0.7

0.12

0.900

GAF index from DSM-IV (M ± s)

44.75 ± 7.2

40.64 ± 10.6

2.06

0.042

1-Presence of physical concerns [N (%)]

48 (80.0)

14 (56.0)

5.15

0.023

2-Presence of altered mental status [N (%)]

54 (90.0)

25 (100.0)

2.69

0.101

3-Work concerns [N (%)]

42 (70.0)

14 (56.0)

1.53

0.215

4-Household concerns [N (%)]

14 (23.3)

9 (36.0)

1.43

0.231

5-Romantic concerns [N (%)]

24 (40.0)

13 (52.0)

1.03

0.309

6-Social/leisure concerns [N (%)]

33 (55.0)

12 (48.0)

0.34

0.556

7-Legal concerns [N (%)]

29 (48.3)

2 (8.0)

12.39

< 0.001

8-Polyabuse (more than 3) [N (%)]

45 (75.0)

11 (44.0)

7.454

0.006

9-Past treated [N (%)]

50 (83.3)

7 (28.0)

24.46

< 0.001

10-Combined treated [N (%)]

60 (100.0)

15 (60.0)

27.20

< 0.001

‘Daily or more’ heroin intake [N (%)]

55 (91.7)

14 (73.7)

4.22

0.040

Stable modality of use [N (%)]

21 (35.0)

12 (57.1)

3.15

0.076

Stage 3 of heroin addiction [N (%)]

47 (78.3)

5 (26.3)

17.37

< 0.001

Age at first use of heroin (M ± s)

18.22 ± 3.0

21.21 ± 5.0

− 3.16

0.002

HUD: age at onset (M ± s)

20.10 ± 3.9

24.75 ± 5.9

− 4.19

< 0.001

Dependence duration (years) (M ± s)

9.51 ± 6.1

4.15 ± 3.8

3.79

< 0.001

Age at first treatment (M ± s)

28.47 ± 6.8

30.64 ± 7.4

− 1.30

0.195

  1. aBetween 1 = normal and 7 = extremely ill