Table 2 Association of general characteristics of participants with stress status
Characteristics | Stress status | F | df a | df b | p value | p trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal (n = 267) M ± SD or n (%) | Mild/moderate (n = 70) M ± SD or n (%) | Severe (n = 23) M ± SD or n (%) | ||||||
DASS (score) for stress | 6.7 ± 4.0 | 19.2 ± 3.0 | 30.9 ± 4.2 |  |  |  |  |  |
Age (years) | 32.5 ± 6.4 | 30.9 ± 6.3 | 31.1 ± 4.1 | 2.2* | 2 | 357 | 0.01** | 0.6 |
Education (years) | 11.5 ± 3.3 | 11 ± 2.9 | 10.2 ± 3.1 | 2.1* | 2 | 357 | 0.1** | 0.003 |
Weight (kg) | 67.2 ± 9.8 | 66.9 ± 10.6 | 69.3 ± 9.9 | 0.5* | 2 | 357 | 0.6** | 0.3 |
Height (cm) | 158.5 ± 5.3 | 158.9 ± 5.2 | 160.4 ± 4.7 | 1.5* | 2 | 357 | 0.2** | 0.1 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 3.6 | 26.5 ± 3.9 | 26.9 ± 3.7 | 0.2* | 2 | 357 | 0.8** | 0.6 |
Energy (kcal) | 1724.1 ± 702.8 | 1734.3 ± 701.3 | 1597.7 ± 991.3 | 0.3* | 2 | 357 | 0.7** | 0.6 |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Married | 249 (93.3) | 61 (87.1) | 22 (95.7) |  | 2 |  | 0.2*** |  |
 Unmarried | 18 (6.7) | 9 (12.9) | 1 (4.3) |  |  |  |  |  |
Household income (Toman) | ||||||||
 < 500,000 | 24 (9.2) | 10 (14.3) | 3 (13) |  | 4 |  | 0.01*** |  |
 500,000–1,000,000 | 152 (58) | 41 (58.6) | 20 (87) |  |  |  |  |  |
 ≥ 1,000,000 | 86 (32.9) | 19 (27.1) | 0 (0) |  |  |  |  |  |
Dietary supplement use | ||||||||
 Noc | 214 (80.1) | 54 (77.1) | 16 (69.6) |  | 2 |  | 0.4*** |  |
 Yesd | 53 (19.9) | 16 (22.9) | 7 (30.4) |  |  |  |  |  |
Physical activity | ||||||||
 Low | 148 (55.4) | 41 (58.6) | 14 (60.9) |  | 4 |  | 0.01*** |  |
 Moderate | 105 (39.3) | 21 (30) | 4 (17.4) |  |  |  |  |  |
 High | 14 (5.2) | 8 (11.4) | 5 (21.7) |  |  |  |  |  |