Skip to main content

Table 2 Psychosocial and clinical factors related to abuse among patients with bipolar disorder

From: Leveling and abuse among patients with bipolar disorder at psychiatric outpatient departments in Ethiopia

Characteristics

Abuse

Overall

Chi-square (X 2) (P value)

Yes

No

Duration of illness

 Less than a year

5 (3.2%)

15 (5.9%)

20 (4.9%)

5.06 (0.06)

 1–5 years

57 (36.8%)

117 (45.7%)

174 (42.3%)

 >5 years

93 (60%)

124 (48.4%)

217 (52.8%)

Age at onset of illness

 Before 18 years old

30 (19.4%)

38 (14.8%)

68 (16.5%)

6.74 (0.034)

 Between 18 and 24 years

69 (44.5%)

92 (36%)

161 (39.2%)

 After 24 years

56 (36.1%)

126 (49.2%)

182 (44.3%)

History of aggression

 Yes

141 (91%)

191 (74.6%)

332 (80.8%)

16.64 (0.00005)

 No

14 (9%)

65 (25.4%)

79 (19.2%)

Medication adherence

 Poor

51 (32.9%)

66 (25.8%)

117 (28.4%)

2.75 (0.25)

 Moderate

57 (36.8%)

111 (43.4%)

168 (40.9%)

 Good

47 (30.3%)

79 (30.8%)

126(30.7%)

Perceived stress

 Low

43 (27.7%)

75 (29.3%)

118 (28.7%)

0.48 (0.78)

 Moderate

34 (22%)

49 (19.1%)

83 (20.2%)

 High

78 (50.3%)

132 (51.6%)

210 (51.1%)

Comorbid illness

 Yes

35 (22.6%)

27 (10.5%)

62 (15.1%)

10.91 (0.001)

 No

120 (77.4%)

229 (89.5%)

349 (84.9%)

Social support

 Poor

63 (40.6%)

79 (30.9%)

142 (34.5%)

4.15 (0.13)

 Moderate

62 (40%)

122 (47.6%)

184 (44.8%)

 Strong

30 (19.4%)

55 (21.5%)

85 (20.7%)

Khat chewing

 Yes

33 (21.3%)

34 (13.3%)

67 (16.3%)

4.54 (0.03)

 No

122 (78.7%)

222 (86.7%)

344 (83.7%)

Tobacco use

 Yes

38 (24.5%)

39 (15.2%)

77 (18.7%)

5.46 (0.02)

 No

117 (75.5%)

217 (84.8%)

334 (81.3%)

Alcohol use

 Yes

52 (33.5%)

61 (23.8%)

113 (27.5%)

4.58 (0.03)

 No

103 (66.5%)

195 (76.2%)

298 (72.5%)