Table 1 Insomnia severity in individuals with and without pain and the categories of insomnia related to age, pain intensity, pain spreading, anxiety, and depression
Subgroup of ISI | All | No clinically significant insomnia (NCSI) | Sub-threshold insomnia (S-TI) | Moderate clinical insomnia (MCI) | Severe clinical insomnia (SCl) | Statistics (ANOVA) | Post hoc comparisons (Dunnett t)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p value | S-TI vs NCSI | MCI vs NCSI | SCl vs NCSI |
a. Total sample (n = 6205) | |||||||||
Age (years) | 76.3 ± 7.4 | 76.5 ± 7.2 | 76.0 ± 7.4 | 76.5 ± 7.6 | 78.1 ± 8.3 | 0.175 | NA | NA | NA |
Pain intensity | 4.2 ± 2.6 | 3.2 ± 2.6 | 4.5 ± 2.4 | 5.3 ± 2.5 | 6.0 ± 2.7 | <0.001 | *** | *** | *** |
Pain spreading | 5.6 ± 5.4 | 4.4 ± 4.6 | 5.3 ± 4.7 | 7.7 ± 7.1 | 7.4 ± 7.1 | <0.001 | * | *** | *** |
GWBS-anxiety | 6.4 ± 4.5 | 4.1 ± 3.7 | 6.6 ± 4.3 | 9.7 ± 5.2 | 12.8 ± 5.9 | <0.001 | *** | *** | *** |
GWBS-depression | 5.8 ± 3.8 | 4.1 ± 3.2 | 5.9 ± 3.3 | 8.2 ± 3.9 | 10.5 ± 4.8 | <0.001 | *** | *** | *** |
b. Chronic pain (n = 2790) | |||||||||
Age (years) | 76.2 ± 7.5 | 76.6 ± 7.6 | 75.6 ± 7.2 | 76.9 ± 7.8 | 78.7 ± 7.6 | 0.015 | ns | ns | ** |
Pain intensity | 5.1 ± 2.1 | 4.4 ± 2.1 | 5.1 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 2.2 | 6.5 ± 2.48 | <0.001 | *** | *** | *** |
Pain spreading | 6.2 ± 5.6 | 5.1 ± 4.9 | 5.8 ± 4.8 | 8.3 ± 7.2 | 8.0 ± 7.2 | <0.001 | ns | *** | *** |
GWBS-anxiety | 7.4 ± 4.9 | 5.0 ± 4.1 | 7.2 ± 4.3 | 10.0 ± 5.1 | 13.5 ± 6.7 | <0.001 | *** | *** | *** |
GWBS-depression | 6.3 ± 3.8 | 4.8 ± 3.4 | 6.1 ± 3.3 | 8.2 ± 3.8 | 10.7 ± 5.1 | <0.001 | *** | *** | *** |
c. Subacute pain (n = 510) | |||||||||
Age (years) | 75.6 ± 6.9 | 75.2 ± 6.9 | 75.4 ± 6.8 | 76.3 ± 7.3 | 76.0 ± 6.9 | 0.890 | NA | NA | NA |
Pain intensity | 4.4 ± 1.8 | 4.1 ± 1.6 | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 0.304 | NA | NA | NA |
Pain spreading | 3.1 ± 2.1 | 2.9 ± 2.1 | 3.1 ± 2.2 | 3.4 ± 2.2 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 0.683 | NA | NA | NA |
GWBS-anxiety | 6.5 ± 4.8 | 4.4 ± 3.5 | 6.6 ± 4.4 | 10.0 ± 5.3 | 13.7 ± 2.5 | <0.001 | ** | *** | *** |
GWBS-depression | 5.8 ± 3.7 | 4.3 ± 3.1 | 5.7 ± 3.4 | 8.5 ± 3.7 | 10.0 ± 3.6 | <0.001 | * | *** | *** |
d. No pain (n = 2905) | |||||||||
Age (years) | 75.9 ± 7.6 | 76.5 ± 6.9 | 76.4 ± 7.8 | 75.6 ± 7.4 | 77.1 ± 10.7 | 0.911 | NA | NA | NA |
Pain intensity | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Pain spreading | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
GWBS-anxiety | 4.8 ± 4.2 | 3.3 ± 3.3 | 5.3 ± 4.1 | 8.6 ± 4.8 | 10.9 ± 4.3 | <0.001 | *** | *** | *** |
GWBS-depression | 4.7 ± 3.6 | 3.4 ± 2.9 | 5.2 ± 3.3 | 7.7 ± 4.2 | 9.9 ± 4.2 | <0.001 | *** | *** | *** |