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Table 4 Cognitive function scores across study subgroups

From: Cognitive impairment in manic bipolar patients: important, understated, significant aspects

 

Manic subgroup N = 54

Depressive subgroup N = 32

Euthymic subgroup N = 30

Mixed subgroup N = 21

p*

Verbal memory

37 (30–46)

41 (38–47)

45 (39–47)

40 (37–45)

<0.0001

Working memory

14 (10–28)

20.5 (10–28)

25 (14–27)

14 (11–20)

<0.0001

Psychomotor speed

54 (47–74)

48 (44–58)

58 (54–62)

46 (42–68)

<0.0001

Verbal fluency

44.5 (34–67)

34 (30–55)

56 (50–62)

41 (40–46)

<0.0001

Attention and speed of information processing

42 (39–58)

41 (39–48)

48 (43–52)

40 (30–44)

<0.0001

Executive function/reasoning and problem solving

11.5 (4–18)

14 (11–19)

16 (12–17)

11 (7–15)

<0.0001

  1. Values are presented as median (range) for continuous nonparametric data
  2. NS no statistical significant (p ≥ 0.05)
  3. * Kruskal–Wallis test