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Table 1 Clinical characteristics and findings of serum amino acids (one-way ANOVA)

From: Serum glutamine, set-shifting ability and anorexia nervosa

 

AN (n = 27)

ANRec (n = 18)

HC (n = 28)

F

df

P value

Age, years

27.7 ± 10.6

32.2 ± 11.1

26.9 ± 5.8

2.0

2, 70

0.14

Education, years

16.9 ± 3.2

17.0 ± 2.8

18.1 ± 2.1

1.5

2, 66

0.23

Duration, years

10.0 ± 10.6

6.6 ± 6.2

NA

13.7

2, 69

0.00

Age of onset, years

17.0 ± 4.4

18.4 ± 6.4

NA

152.7

2, 69

0.00

Current BMI, kg/m2

15.4 ± 1.6a**b**

19.8 ± 1.1b**c**

22.3 ± 2.5

85.6

2, 68

0.00

Lowest BMI, kg/m2

13.1 ± 1.6a**

14.2 ± 2.0c**

21.0 ± 2.4

111.2

2, 65

0.00

EDEQ R

4.3 ± 3.7a**b**

0.8 ± 0.9b**

0.6 ± 1.0

20.0

2, 68

0.00

EDEQ E

3.3 ± 1.5a**b**

0.4 ± 0.4b**

0.2 ± 0.2

86.9

2, 68

0.00

EDEQ W

4.1 ± 1.7a**b**

1.0 ± 0.9b**

0.5 ± 0.6

69.8

2, 68

0.00

EDEQ S

4.6 ± 1.6a**b**

1.5 ± 0.9b**

0.9 ± 0.7

80.2

2, 68

0.00

EDEQ G

3.9 ± 1.7a**b**

1.0 ± 0.8b**

0.5 ± 0.5

65.7

2, 67

0.00

MOCI

10.1 ± 6.0a**

8.7 ± 4.2c**

3.7 ± 2.8

14.6

2, 68

0.00

HADS anxiety

14.0 ± 4.4a**b**

8.7 ± 2.8b**c**

4.4 ± 3.3

45.9

2, 66

0.00

HADS depression

9.3 ± 5.5a**b**

3.4 ± 2.4b**

1.5 ± 2.6

28.7

2, 66

0.00

Serum Glu, μM

64.7 ± 32.3

45.0 ± 29.6

54.7 ± 23.1

2.7

2, 70

0.08

Serum Gln, μM

1,310.2 ± 265.6a**

1,159.0 ± 236.3

1,102.9 ± 152.7

6.3

2, 70

0.00

Serum glycine, M

294.8 ± 78.2

280.9 ± 82.9

255.1 ± 58.3

2.1

2, 70

0.13

Ratio of Glu/Gln

0.064 ± 0.065

0.042 ± 0.034

0.052 ± 0.025

1.3

2, 70

0.28

Serum d-serine, μM

2.2 ± 0.8

2.2 ± 0.8

1.9 ± 0.5

1.6

2, 70

0.21

Serum l-serine, μM

135.6 ± 53.7

158.4 ± 72.7

117.7 ± 60.9

2.4

2, 70

0.10

  1. Values shown are mean ± SD; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.
  2. aComparisons between AN and HC; bcomparisons between AN and ANRec; ccomparisons between ANRec and HC.
  3. AN = anorexia nervosa; ANOVA = analysis of variance; ANRec = recovered from anorexia nervosa; BMI = body mass index; df = degrees of freedom; EDEQ R = Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Restraint Subscale; EDEQ E = Eating Concern Subscale; EDEQ W = Weight Concern Subscale; EDEQ S = Shape Concern Subscale; EDEQ G = Global Scale; Glu = Glutamate; Gln = Glutamine; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HC = healthy controls; MOCI = Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory.