Table 1 Discriminant validity of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100) questionnaire: Domain/facet differences between mentally ill and physically ill participants (Independent samples t- test)
WHOQOL-100 domains/facets | Mentally ill (n = 124) | Physically ill (n = 234) | t-test | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical health | 59.06 (16.76) | 61.44 (17.84) | 1.22 | 0.221 |
   Pain and discomfort | 62.61 (24.80) | 55.80 (24.13) | -2.51 | 0.012 |
   Energy and fatigue | 52.06 (20.91) | 57.79 (20.10) | 2.52 | 0.012 |
   Sleep and rest | 64.14 (27.17) | 62.60 (27.19) | -0.510 | 0.610 |
   Mobility | 67.99 (24.39) | 67.40 (22.95) | -.226 | 0.821 |
   Activities of daily living | 55.91 (22.81) | 65.37 (20.12) | 4.03 | 0.000 |
   Dependence on medication | 52.85 (26.88) | 61.58 (27.95) | 2.84 | 0.005 |
   Working capacity | 57.30 (25.93) | 61.86 (24.21) | 1.65 | 0.100 |
Psychological health | 56.66 (18.97) | 64.74 (13.21) | 4.70 | 0.000 |
   Positive feelings | 45.66 (20.99) | 51.89 (18.14) | 2.92 | 0.004 |
   Thinking, earning, memory and concentration | 58.18 (21.12) | 67.84 (15.80) | 4.86 | 0.000 |
   Self-esteem | 58.65 (23.05) | 68.46 (16.81) | 4.59 | 0.000 |
   Bodily image and appearance | 65.74 (23.99) | 70.76 (21.11) | 2.03 | 0.042 |
   Negative feelings | 46.85 (20.85) | 49.66 (22.93) | 1.13 | 0.258 |
   Spirituality/religion/personal beliefs | 58.31 (23.63) | 67.73 (16.63) | 4.38 | 0.000 |
Social relationships | 54.05 (17.36) | 65.32 (16.85) | 5.95 | 0.000 |
   Personal relationships | 59.61 (20.59) | 75.22 (17.42) | 0.756 | 0.000 |
   Social support | 56.50 (22.81) | 64.95 (22.37) | 3.37 | 0.001 |
   Sexual activity | 45.93 (23.44) | 53.14 (22.42) | 2.74 | 0.006 |
Environment | 59.75 (12.28) | 58.76 (13.18) | -0.691 | 0.490 |
   Physical safety and security | 60.70 (18.56) | 51.81 (20.08) | -4.07 | 0.000 |
   Home environment | 64.73 (18.19) | 66.64 (17.85) | 0.951 | 0.342 |
   Financial resources | 48.88 (25.07) | 59.24 (26.32) | 3.59 | 0.000 |
   Health and social care: availability and quality | 62.85 (17.24) | 55.98 (18.40) | -3.42 | 0.001 |
   Opportunities for acquiring new information and skills | 56.77 (17.67) | 56.01 (15.39) | -0.418 | 0.676 |
   Participation in and opportunities for recreation/leisure | 54.88 (19.85) | 53.73 (18.93) | -0.538 | 0.591 |
   Physical environment | 64.51 (18.69) | 63.11 (18.99) | -0.668 | 0.505 |
   Transport | 64.11 (22.90) | 63.51 (23.75) | -0.229 | 0.819 |
Overall quality of life and general health | 50.00 (22.47) | 57.61 (18.26) | 3.45 | 0.001 |