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Table 3 Comparison of executive functions between four groups of older elderly men (≥75 years old)

From: Cognitive performance in older elderly men with late-life depression and cardiovascular comorbidities: symptomatological correlation

 

HC

CVC

LLD

LLD + CVC

ANOVA

Post hoc a

 

(n = 33)

(n = 101)

(n = 34)

(n = 49)

( F, p value)/χ2

 

TNE

57.58 ± 23.43

68.75 ± 19.16

74.71 ± 13.12

80.02 ± 17.59

(F = 10.31, p < 0.0005)

HC > CVC > LLD + CVC, HC > LLDb

PE

37.09 ± 20.22

38.21 ± 21.05

38.03 ± 17.91

47.18 ± 26.01

(F = 2.31, p = 0.08)

HC > LLD + CVC (p = 0.04), CVC > LLD + CVCb

CLR

42.00 ± 21.74

30.86 ± 18.13

27.24 ± 14.21

18.24 ± 16.29

(F = 11.86, p < 0.0005)

HC > CVC, LLD, LLD + CVC; CVC > LLD + CVCb

NCC

3.33 ± 1.76

1.92 ± 1.55

1.21 ± 1.01

0.71 ± 1.08

(F = 24.47, p < 0.0005)

HC > CVC, LLD + CVC, HC > LLDb

TCFC

34.09 ± 31.83

54.57 ± 42.99

70.82 ± 42.53

94.35 ± 46.32

(F = 15.87, p < 0.0005)

HC > LLD, LLD + CVC; CVC > LLD + CVC; HC > CVCb

TMT-A

122.09 ± 92.76

128.57 ± 75.85

126.26 ± 31.69

148.06 ± 73.52

(χ2 = 8.93, p = 0.03)c

HC > LLD (p = 0.047), LLD + CVC, CVC > LLD + CVC (p = 0.036)d

TMT-B

2462.21 ± 147.96

280.86 ± 107.84

265.82 ± 50.92

326.18 ± 91.67

(χ2 = 9.93, p = 0.02)c

HC > LLD + CVD, CVC > LLD + CVC (p = 0.049), LLD > LLD + CVCd

TMTB-A

140.28 ± 75.19

151.21 ± 72.31

136.36 ± 43.74

173.86 ± 48.76

(χ2 = 9.49, p = 0.02)c

HC > LLD + CVD, CVC > LLD + CVC (p = 0.044), LLD > LLD + CVCd

TMTB/A

2.62 ± 1.08

2.47 ± 0.94

2.11 ± 0.63

2.31 ± 0.66

(χ2 = 3.58, p = 0.31)c

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  1. Data are presented as means ± SD. HC, healthy controls; CVC, older elderly men with cardiovascular comorbidities; LLD, older elderly men with late-life depression; LLD + CVC, older elderly men with late-life depression with cardiovascular comorbidities; TNE, total number of errors; PE, perseverative errors; CLR, conceptual level response; NCC, number of categories completed; TCC, trials to complete the first category. aThe direction of '>’ shows the performance from better to worse; bFisher's least significant difference post hoc test; cKruskal-Wallis test; dMann-Whitney U test.