Skip to main content

Table 3 Characteristics according to tertile categories of dietary pattern scores

From: No association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among a community-dwelling population in Japan

 

Healthy dietary pattern

 

Western dietary pattern

 

Bread and confectionery dietary pattern

 

Alcohol and accompanying dietary pattern

 
 

Low tertile

Middle tertile

High tertile

Trend pa

Low tertile

Middle tertile

High tertile

Trend pa

Low tertile

Middle tertile

High tertile

Trend pa

Low tertile

Middle tertile

High tertile

Trend pa

Number of subjects

264

263

264

 

263

265

263

 

263

265

263

 

264

264

263

 

Age

54.0 ± 13.9

57.5 ± 13.8

61.1 ± 12.1

<0.001

64.4 ± 11.6

58.3 ± 11.9

49.8 ± 13.2

<0.001

53.5 ± 12.9

57.8 ± 13.4

61.3 ± 13.4

<0.001

55.9 ± 14.2

57.2 ± 13.8

59.5 ± 12.5

<0.01

BMI

23.2 ± 3.4

23.3 ± 3.6

22.7 ± 3.5

0.132

23.5 ± 3.6

23.2 ± 3.5

22.5 ± 3.4

<0.01

23.4 ± 3.7

23.0 ± 3.8

22.7 ± 3.1

<0.05

22.9 ± 3.8

22.8 ± 3.8

23.4 ± 3.0

0.08

Amount of education (year)

11.6 ± 2.1

11.4 ± 2.0

11.6 ± 2.1

0.850

10.9 ± 2.2

11.6 ± 2.0

12.2 ± 1.8

<0.001

11.9 ± 2.0

11.5 ± 2.0

11.2 ± 2.2

<0.001

11.4 ± 2.2

11.8 ± 2.1

11.4 ± 2.0

0.88

Male (%)

66.3

34.6

14.0

<0.001

42.2

38.1

34.6

0.07

48.7

37.4

28.9

<0.001

26.9

33.3

54.8

<0.001

Married (%)

72.3

77.9

72.3

1.000

70.0

72.8

79.8

<0.01

77.9

77.7

66.9

<0.01

71.6

71.6

79.5

<0.05

Current smoking (%)

29.5

12.2

4.2

<0.001

10.3

15.1

20.5

<0.01

22.4

12.8

10.6

<0.001

10.2

15.9

19.8

<0.01

Habitual alcohol intake (%)

65.2

43.7

24.6

<0.001

43.0

49.1

41.4

0.73

64.6

43.4

25.5

<0.001

29.5

41.7

62.4

<0.001

Exercise habitb (%)

7.6

10.3

20.1

<0.001

18.3

11.7

8.0

<0.001

11.0

12.8

14.1

0.29

6.8

12.1

19.0

<0.001

History of hypertension (%)

28.8

30.4

33

0.299

44.1

31.7

16.3

<0.001

44.1

31.7

33.1

0.16

23.9

32.2

36.1

<0.01

History of diabetes mellitus (%)

4.9

6.1

6.4

0.457

8.7

6.4

2.3

<0.01

5.3

4.2

8.0

0.19

4.9

6.1

6.5

0.450

Dietary intake

Energy (kcal)

2047 ± 638

1967 ± 629

1784 ± 539

<0.001

1923 ± 604

1949 ± 611

1926 ± 626

0.96

1868 ± 608

1950 ± 592

1981 ± 635

<0.05

1773 ± 555

1920 ± 552

2106 ± 680

<0.001

Folate (μg/1000kcal)

122 ± 32

164 ± 31

234 ± 61

<0.001

176 ± 66

174 ± 63

170 ± 62

0.25

183 ± 79

171 ± 58

170 ± 50

<0.01

167 ± 71

176 ± 60

176 ± 60

0.1

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg/1000kcal)

0.52 ± 0.13

0.66 ± 0.12

0.81 ± 0.16

<0.001

0.65 ± 0.20

0.66 ± 0.17

0.60 ± 0.17

0.08

0.67 ± 0.20

0.66 ± 0.18

0.66 ± 0.16

0.55

0.64 ± 0.18

0.67 ± 0.17

0.68 ± 0.20

<0.01

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) (mg/1000kcal)

0.51 ± 0.11

0.63 ± 0.10

0.81 ± 0.14

<0.001

0.66 ± 0.18

0.65 ± 0.17

0.64 ± 0.16

0.33

0.67 ± 0.18

0.64 ± 0.18

0.63 ± 0.15

<0.01

0.59 ± 0.16

0.65 ± 0.16

0.70 ± 0.18

<0.001

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) (μg/1000kcal)

3.7 ± 1.9

5.1 ± 2.1

6.6 ± 3.3

<0.001

5.8 ± 3.3

5.2 ± 2.6

4.4 ± 2.1

<0.001

4.7 ± 2.4

5.3 ± 3.0

5.4 ± 2.8

<0.01

4.0 ± 1.9

5.2 ± 2.4

6.2 ± 3.3

<0.001

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/1000kcal)

1.11 ± 0.35

1.44 ± 0.37

1.77 ± 0.51

<0.001

1.47 ± 0.57

1.44 ± 0.48

1.41 ± 0.42

0.24

1.37 ± 0.50

1.47 ± 0.52

1.48 ± 0.47

<0.05

1.28 ± 0.36

1.48 ± 0.48

1.57 ± 0.58

<0.001

  1. Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
  2. a On the basis of the Cochran-Armitage trend test for categorical variables and linear regression analysis for continuous variables, assigning ordinal numbers 0-2 to tertile categories of each dietary pattern.
  3. b Exercise habit was defined as 4 and more times per week.
Back to article page

Annals of General Psychiatry

ISSN: 1744-859X